[PRIO] Water-Related Intrastate Conflict and Cooperation (WARICC) (v. 1.0)

By /

“Research on the conditions that facilitate or prevent sustainable management of local, national, and international freshwater resources has intensified over the recent years, largely because of the severe impact of climate change on multiple countries – particularly those in the Mediterranean and Sahel area. Most of the existing studies on this issue, however, rely on qualitative analyses or comparisons of results from a few cases. There is no systematically compiled, high-quality dataset for a large number of countries that would allow scholars to study the determinants of frequency and intensity of domestic-level water-related conflict and cooperation with multivariate statistical techniques. This project seeks to fill this gap by constructing such a dataset, which in turn enables scholars to examine how water-related conflict and cooperation vary across time and space, and to what extent such variation is driven by political, economic, or climatic factors.” (codebook, p. 1)

WARICC-codebook-v.1.0

I/ Conflict variable
I/1/ Unit of conflict

Event (< 0 or 1 death)Conflict (< 25 deaths)War (< 100 deaths)Episode (< 500 deaths)
X∅∅∅
“An event may comprise one-sided actions by individuals, firms, NGOs, and/or state authorities, but also interactions between these kinds of actors. An event is also defined by temporal and geographical dimensions, i.e., there are clearly defined temporal starting- and end points, while the event takes place in a predefined location or region. Finally, events that merely “happen” without a specific social influence from the actors above are excluded (e.g., any events that are caused by nature per se).[…] For example, articles that refer to 1) talks about a the construction of a water-supply network in order to improve the water quality of a region, 2) any agreements on that new project, or 3) the actual realization of the water-supply network construction are all considered as separate events with different values of intensity.[…] However, these events are unlikely to be independent from each other.” (codebook, p. 3)

I/2/ Conflict domain

State-based conflictNon-state conflictOne-sided violenceTO BE DETERMINED
∅∅X∅
“Water-Related Intrastate Conflict and Cooperation (WARICC): A New Event Dataset” (p. 1)
“*international: variable indicating if some official international influence (1) is present or not (0). An international influence pertains to any third-party influence, where the third party is an actor that is not or does not have its origin in the country under study, e.g., an event referring to the construction of a dam in Greece with the financial support from Japan would receive a value of 1 on this variable
*int_code: provides the code identifier as specified below for the international actor (if any). If more than one third party is involved, the actors are separated with ‘;'” (codebook, p. 5)

II/ Time variable
II/1/ Unit of time

DayYear
X∅
“date:
date of article/event in the form ‘yyyymmdd.’ If an event is likely to last longer than one day, the start day is given while – if possible – the descr item below provides information on the event’s duration.” (codebook, p. 4)

II/2/ Time domain

Time domain
03/01/1997 – 30/12/2009
“Coding of data on cooperative and conflictive water-related events for all riparian countries of the Mediterranean Sea as well as all countries in the Sahel for the time-period 1997–2009” (codebook, p. 1)

(WARICC dataset v.1.0.xlsx, 24/08/2022)

III/ Space variable
III/1/ Unit of space

CoordinatesCountryRegionTO BE DETERMINED
X∅∅∅
“*lat_coordin:
geo-referencing of an event. This variable provides the latitude coordinates of an event location in the form of decimal degrees with negative signs for South and West, e.g., 15.95 stands for 15° 57′ N.
*long_coordin:
geo-referencing of an event. This variable provides the longitude coordinates of an event location in the form of decimal degrees with negative signs for South and West, e.g., -3.13 stands for 3° 08′ E.” (codebook, p. 4)

III/2/ Space domain

GlobalMediterranean Sea and SahelTO BE DETERMINED
∅X∅
“Coding of data on cooperative and conflictive water-related events for all riparian countries of the Mediterranean Sea as well as all countries in the Sahel for the time-period 1997–2009″ (codebook, p. 1)

IV/ Data structure
IV/1/ Unit of observation

Unit of conflict (UC)UC-yearUC-actorCountry-year
X∅∅
Actor-yearDyad-yearOTHERTO BE DETERMINED
∅∅∅∅
“The data are structured such that there is one observation per distinct event, where the event types are defined by the typology described below.” (codebook, p. 3)

(WARICC dataset v.1.0.xlsx, 24/08/2022)

IV/2/ Number of observations

Number of observation
10 352

(WARICC dataset v.1.0.xlsx, 24/08/2022)

V/ All variables

Conflict nameConflict typeIntensity
∅XX
OutcomeTimeSpace
XXX
ActorType of actorDyad
XX∅
CoalitionDeathsNon-conflit variables
XX∅
“wes:
domestic-level WES (Water-Events Scale) that follows the values as outlined below.” (p. 4)
“Event Typology – Water-Events Scale” (p. 5) -> Outcome too.
“date:
date of article/event in the form ‘yyyymmdd.’ If an event is likely to last longer than one day, the start day is given while – if possible – the descr item below provides information on the event’s duration.” (p. 4)
“*lat_coordin:
geo-referencing of an event. This variable provides the latitude coordinates of an event location in the form of decimal degrees with negative signs for South and West, e.g., 15.95 stands for 15° 57′ N.
*long_coordin:
geo-referencing of an event. This variable provides the longitude coordinates of an event location in the form of decimal degrees with negative signs for South and West, e.g., -3.13 stands for 3° 08′ E.” (p. 4)
“actor*:
variables describing the actors of an event in question.” (p. 4)
“scale:
this variable pertains to the source level of action, i.e., which actor caused an event (4=government; 3=sub-national authority; 2=firms, companies, NGOs; 1=grassroots and individuals). If the actors are unknown, we coded this item as 1.
impact:
this variable pertains to the target level of action, i.e., which actor was affected by an event (4=government; 3=sub-national authority/region; 2=firms, companies, NGOs; 1=grass-roots and individuals). If the actors are unknown, we coded this item as 1.” (p. 4)
“coop:
dichotomous variable, which gets the value of 1 if an event is cooperative at any level, and 0 otherwise […]
direction:
this item shows whether a conflictive/cooperative event is directional or mutual. In other words, if the event is caused by one actor only, this variable takes the value of 1, if both/more sides are equally involved it takes the value of 2.” (p. 4)
“violence:
if any physical violence occurs over water – if possible – this variables gives a numerical estimate of the casualties (otherwise=missing).” (codebook, p. 4)

VI/ Transparency
VI/1/ Sources

Intergovernmental organizationsGovernmental organizationsNon-governmental organizations
∅∅∅
Research organizationsPress mediaSocial media
∅X∅
Other databasesOTHERTO BE DETERMINED
∅X∅
“Finding the Best Source: Factiva vs. BBC Monitoring” (p. 1)
“We thus chose to base our data collection and coding efforts on BBC Monitoring.” (p. 2)
“However, even nominally independent news agencies are not necessarily completely autonomous from government interference or self-censorship.” (codebook, p. 2)

VI/2/ Codebook

DateVersion
TO BE DETERMINED1.0
“Version: 1.0” (codebook, p. 1)

WARICC-codebook-v.1.0-1

VII/ Update
VII/1/ Current version

DateVersion
01/01/20121.0
“Current version: 1.0
Updated: 1 Jan 2012” (https://www.prio.org/data/26, 07/10/2023)

VII/2/ Regularly updated ?

Real-timeMonthQuarterAnnually
∅∅∅∅
YES, PERIOD TO BE DETERMINEDTO BE DETERMINED
∅X

VIII/ Access
VIII/1/ Registration ?

YESNO
∅X

VIII/2/ Formats

.XLS/.XLSX.CSV.DTA (STATA).RDTA
X∅∅∅
“Download WARICC dataset v.1.0.xlsx” (https://www.prio.org/data/26, 07/10/2023)

VIII/3/ API ?

YESNOTO BE DETERMINED
∅∅X